'H DFFX RSWLPDDO JHEUXLNHQ
%LM ODJH WHPSHUDWXUHQ JDDQ GH
SUHVWDWLHV YDQ GH DFFX DFKWHUXLW ,Q
HHQ NRXGH RPJHYLQJ NXQW X GH DFFX
GXV PLQGHU ODQJ JHEUXLNHQ $OV X GH
YROJHQGH SXQWHQ LQ DFKW QHHPW JDDW
GH DFFX ODQJHU PHH
² %HZDDU GH DFFX RS HHQ ZDUPH
SODDWV ELMYRRUEHHOG LQ XZ
EURHN]DN RI RS HHQ DQGHUH SODDWV
GLFKW ELM XZ OLFKDDP 3ODDWV
YHUYROJHQV GH DFFX SDV YODN YRRU
GH RSQDPH LQ KHW WRHVWHO
² *HEUXLN HHQ DFFX PHW HHQ JURWH
FDSDFLWHLW GH RSWLRQHHO
YHUNULMJEDUH 13)
$OV X KHW /&'SDQHHO YDDN JHEUXLNW
RI DOV X UHJHOPDWLJ GH ]RRPIXQFWLH
JHEUXLNW UDDNW GH DFFX VQHOOHU OHHJ
:H UDGHQ X LQ GDW JHYDO DDQ HHQ DFFX
PHW HHQ JURWH FDSDFLWHLW WH JHEUXLNHQ
GH RSWLRQHHO YHUNULMJEDUH 13)
=RUJ HUYRRU GDW GH 32:(5
VFKDNHODDU RS XLW VWDDW DOV X JHHQ
RSQDPHQ PDDNW RI DOV X JHHQ EHHOGHQ
DIVSHHOW
.RRS UHVHUYHDFFX¶V ]RGDW X WZHH RI
GULH NHHU ODQJHU GDQ QRUPDDO NXQW
RSQHPHQ 0DDN UHVHUYHRSQDPHQ
YRRUGDW X GDDGZHUNHOLMN EHHOGHQ JDDW
RSQHPHQ
6WHO GH DFFX QLHW EORRW DDQ ZDWHU 'H
DFFX LV QLHW ZDWHUEHVWHQGLJ
'H LQGLFDWRU YRRU GH UHVWHUHQGH
DFFXWLMG
$OV GH VWURRP XLWJDDW WHUZLMO ZRUGW
DDQJHJHYHQ GDW GH UHVWHUHQGH
DFFXWLMG QRJ YROGRHQGH LV ODDG GDQ
GH DFFX ZHHU YROOHGLJ RS ]RGDW GH
MXLVWH UHVWHUHQGH DFFXWLMG ZHHU ZRUGW
DDQJHJHYHQ 'H MXLVWH UHVWHUHQGH
DFFXWLMG ZRUGW HFKWHU QLHW KHUVWHOG DOV
GH DFFX JHGXUHQGH ODQJHUH WLMG LV
JHEUXLNW ELM KRJH WHPSHUDWXUHQ RI DOV
GH DFFX LV EHZDDUG LQ YROOHGLJ
RSJHODGHQ WRHVWDQG RI DOV GH DFFX
YDDN LV JHEUXLNW %HVFKRXZ GH
UHVWHUHQGH DFFXWLMG DOV HHQ
EHQDGHULQJ YRRU GH UHVWHUHQGH
RSQDPHWLMG
+HW
WHNHQ GDW DDQJHHIW GDW GH
E
UHVWHUHQGH DFFXWLMG ELMQD LV
YHUVWUHNHQ JDDW VRPV NQLSSHUHQ
]HOIV DOV GH UHVWHUHQGH DFFXWLMG QRJ
WRW PLQXWHQ EHGUDDJW 'LW LV
DIKDQNHOLMN YDQ GH ZLM]H ZDDURS GH
FDPHUD ZRUGW EHGLHQG RI YDQ GH
RPJHYLQJVWHPSHUDWXXU ZDDUELM GH
FDPHUD ZRUGW JHEUXLNW
'H DFFX RSEHUJHQ
$OV X GH DFFX JHGXUHQGH ODQJH WLMG
QLHW JHEUXLNW YROJ GDQ HHQV SHU MDDU
RQGHUVWDDQGH SURFHGXUH 'H DFFX
EOLMIW GDQ JRHG IXQFWLRQHUHQ
/DDG GH DFFX YROOHGLJ RS
2QWODDG GH DFFX LQ GH FDPHUD
9HUZLMGHU GH DFFX XLW GH FDPHUD HQ
EHZDDU GH DFFX RS HHQ GURJH NRHOH
SODDWV
$OV X GH DFFX ZLOW RQWODGHQ LQ XZ
FDPHUD ]HW GDQ GH 32:(5
VFKDNHODDU RS DDQ HQ ]HW GH FDPHUD LQ
GH 3/$<VWDQG WRWGDW GH VWURRP
XLWJDDW =RUJ HUYRRU GDW X KLHUELM
JHHQ GLVNHWWH RI ³0HPRU\ 6WLFN´
SODDWVW
'H OHYHQVGXXU YDQ GH DFFX
'H OHYHQVGXXU YDQ GH DFFX LV
EHSHUNW 'H RSVODJFDSDFLWHLW YDQ GH
DFFX JDDW LQ GH ORRS GHU WLMG EHHWMH ELM
EHHWMH DFKWHUXLW QDDUPDWH X GH DFFX
ODQJHU JHEUXLNW $OV GH DFFXWLMG
DDQ]LHQOLMN LV EHNRUW ZRUGW GDW
ZDDUVFKLMQOLMN YHURRU]DDNW GRRUGDW
GH DFFX KHW HLQGH YDQ ]LMQ OHYHQVGXXU
KHHIW EHUHLNW 6FKDI LQ GDW JHYDO HHQ
QLHXZH DFFX DDQ
'H EHVFKLNEDUH DFFXWLMG LV
DIKDQNHOLMN YDQ GH ZLM]H ZDDURS GH
DFFX LV EHZDDUG HQ JHEUXLNW HQ YDQ
GH RPJHYLQJ ZDDULQ GH]H LV JHEUXLNW
-NL